Vedic Mathematics

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

Use of following tips makes the subtraction and addition operation easy and less time consuming, in this
method we change the numbers in the easy form and then we solve accordingly. Let’s take an example to
understand this method.
Suppose we have to add 689 and 95.
We know 95 is nearer to 100, by keeping this in mind we can add 100 to 689 and subtract 5 later.
Hence 689 + 100 = 789 – 5 = 784, which is the required answer.
Take some other examples:
67 + 693 = ?
It can be solved like, 67 + 700 = 767 – 7 = 760.
454 + 27 = ?
It can be solved like, 454 + 30 = 484 – 3 = 481.
Similarly subtraction operation can be solved using these tips.
Let’s take some examples:
1. 367 – 37 = ?
It can be solved like, 367 – 40 = 327 + 3 = 330.
2. 289 – 58 = ?
It can be solved like, 289 – 60 = 229 + 2 = 231.

SUM OF SERIES

Sometime we have to add many numbers which are in series, i.e. they are in certain fashion.
For example,
1. Consecutive numbers:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 etc; or 12, 13, 14...
2. Consecutive EVEN numbers:
2, 4, 6, 8, etc; or 12, 14, 16...
3. Consecutive ODD numbers:
3, 5, 7, 9, etc; or 13, 15, 17,
4. Consecutive negative numbers:
– 1, – 2, – 3, etc; or – 11, – 12, – 13......
5. Consecutive (EVEN) negative numbers:
– 2, – 4, – 6 etc; or – 12, – 14, – 16.........
6. Consecutive (ODD) negative numbers:
– 3, – 5, – 7, etc; or – 13, – 15, – 17...

For computing above type of sums we can use following formula.
S = (F + L) (N) / 2
Where:
S = Sum of all numbers
F = First number in sequence
L = Last number in sequence
N = Number of Terms in sequence
Other examples in which, we can use this formula is:
1, 2, 3 ….. (Up to 50)
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23
4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29

MULTIPLICATION

METHODS FOR MULTIPLICATION OF NUMBER BY MULTIPLE OF 10 (i.e. BY 10, 100, 1000 etc.)

This is quite simple just put the same number of zeroes behind the number as behind 1.
Example: 23 × 100
Here there are two zeroes behind 1, hence by putting two zeroes behind 23. We will get the answer.
Therefore 23 × 100 = 2300
Take another example e.g. 45 × 1000 = 45000

METHODS FOR MULTIPLICATION OF NUMBER BY 5

Let n is an number which is to be multiplied by 5.
i.e. n x 5 = ?
Now n could be either even or odd.
Now if n is even, just half the number and put zero behind that.
For example 44 x 5
Here 44 is an even number, now half of the 44 is 22 and by putting ‘0’ it become 220. Hence answer is 220.
Now if n is odd, subtract one from n, and half that number (i.e. n – 1) and put five behind that.
For example 47 x 5
Here 45 is an odd number, now 47 – 1 = 46, half of this (46 / 2) is 23 and by putting ‘5’ behind that it become
235. Hence the answer is 235.

METHODS FOR MULTIPLICATION BY 25

We know that 25 = 100 / 4, hence to ease the computation, multiply the number by 100 (it is very simple just
put two zeroes at the end of the number) and then divide the number by 4.
Lets take one example
76 x 25 = ?
Now first multiply 76 by 100 i.e. 76 x 100 = 7600
Now divide 7600 by 4 i.e.

7600/4 = 1900, hence the answer

METHODS FOR MULTIPLICATION BY 50

As 50 =100/2, hence to ease the computation, multiply the number by 100 and then divide it by 2.
For example :
88 x 50 = ?
First multiply 88 by 100, i.e. 88 x 100 = 8800.
Now divide it by 2, i.e. 8800 by 2 i.e.

8800 /2= 4400, hence the answer.

METHODS FOR MULTIPLICATION BY 125

We know that 125 =1000/8 , hence to ease the computation, multiply the number by 1000 (it is very simple just
put three zeroes at the end of the number) and then divide the number by 8.
Lets take one example
48 x 125 = ?
Now first multiply 48 by 1000 i.e. 48 x 1000 = 48000
Now divide 48000 by 8 i.e.

48000 /8= 6000, hence the answer.

Percentage

Basic Shortcut
The most basic tip for the questions involving percentage is memorize the fractional equivalent of the
percentage. i.e.
25 % =25/100=1/4
20 % =20/100=1/5
10 % =10/100=1/10
Similarly, we can generate lot more.
50% =50/100=1/2
40% =40/100=2/5
60% =3/5
75% =3/4
5% =1/20
etc

This means when we have to calculate 25 % of 50, we can directly calculate one fourth of 50, which is 12.5
Similarly if we have to calculate 5 % of 400, we calculate one twentieth (1/20) of the 400, which is 20.

Shortcut

You may find it difficult to compute 18% of 25. Instead, try solving for 25% of 18.
25% is just half of half of any number. Half of 18 is 9, and half of 9 is 4.5.
Since 25% of 18 is 4.5, it is also true that 18% of 25 is 4.5.
This is something our teachers never taught us in school, and it would have helped a lot in everyday life -- A%
of B = B% of A.
Like multiplication, percentages conform to the commutative principle, which says the order of the terms does
not matter. (Just as 2 x 3 = 3 x 2, it is also true that 40% of 5 = 5% of 40).